Ancient Kilwa History And Tourism Places
Kilwa once stood as a significant trading center in East Africa. Established as a port of the Swahili civilization in the early 9th century, it evolved into a bustling and affluent commercial hub. Situated along the Indian Ocean, Kilwa is approximately 186 miles (300 kilometers) from Dar es Salaam on Tanzania’s eastern coast. The area comprises several small settlements, including Kilwa Masoko, Kivinje, and Kisiwani, along with Sanje Ya Kiti and Songo Mnara. Historically, Kilwa was a vital trading post on Africa’s eastern seaboard.
Initially recognized as a port for the Swahili civilization, it became a thriving center for commerce. The region’s natural resources were highly sought after globally, leading to trading caravans that transported valuable goods such as tusker ivory, rhino horn, beeswax, gum resins, ambergris from sperm whales, shells from terrestrial tortoises and sea turtles, as well as skins, furs, and human slaves. These commodities were stored in Kilwa’s warehouses before being shipped to far-off lands in wooden dhows.
Ancient Kilwa History
Kilwa also served as a convergence point for traders traversing Africa, transporting goods from neighboring regions of Tanganyika. Precious gold from Zimbabwe was brought to Kilwa via Sofala, now part of Mozambique. Additionally, Indian linen and exquisite Chinese porcelain were traded here and sent to various destinations. Cowrie shells, fiber cloth, and vibrant beads were also highly valued by the inhabitants of the interior regions of Africa.
Kilwa Masoko, the principal town in the Kilwa district of Lindi, still boasts a vibrant market, albeit not as extensive as in its heyday. It is a tranquil town with beautiful, unspoiled beaches, home to numerous fishing communities. Today, it serves as a stop for history enthusiasts visiting the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and the Ruins of Songo Mnara, both of which have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Ancient Kilwa History
1. Kilwa Kisiwani
Once a magnificent and highly coveted city, Kilwa has transformed into a tranquil island characterized by remarkable ruins. A visit to the island requires a minimum of two hours, although allocating half a day to a full day is advisable to fully appreciate the ruins, explore the village, observe the avian life, and investigate the coastline.
Kisiwani Island is accessible solely by boat, with a journey on an engine boat taking roughly 20 minutes. Alternatively, traveling by dhow offers a more authentic experience, though the duration of the crossing may vary based on wind conditions. 08°57’29.29″S; 39°29’57.60″E.
2. Songo Mnara
Songo Mnara, akin to Kisiwani, represents a significant archaeological site crucial for comprehending the Swahili culture. The area is characterized by a collection of remarkable ruins that date back to the 15th century AD, a period during which it thrived as a notable stone town, showcasing exceptional architectural features.
Located 12 kilometers south of Masoko, Songo Mnara is situated beneath Kisiwani Island. Accessing the site via engine boats typically requires no less than one hour. Exploring the ruins and the surrounding island offers an enriching day trip experience. Coordinates: 09°02’24.09″S; 39°35’05.82″E.
Ancient Kilwa History
3. Kilwa Kivinje
Also recognized as a World Heritage Site, is a quaint village that exudes a distinct Swahili ambiance, characterized by a fascinating blend of German colonial and Omani Arab architectural styles. The remnants of its past prosperity as a thriving city in the 19th century are evident in the ruins scattered throughout the area.
Situated 25 kilometers north of Masoko, Kivinje can be conveniently accessed by car in about 20 minutes. Additionally, bus services connect Kivinje to Masoko, and the journey can also be undertaken by bicycle, taking approximately two hours.
08°44’46.19″S; 39°24’46.22″E.
4. Rukila Island
Also is World Heritage Site, Located along the southern coast of Tanzania, this area boasts the highest levels of coral and fish biodiversity in the region. Engaging in snorkeling or scuba diving amidst the coral reefs offers an unforgettable experience. Rukila serves as an ideal base for activities such as snorkeling, picnicking, birdwatching, or even overnight stays, similar to the local fishermen.
This quaint island is situated 12 kilometers from Masoko Harbour, with a boat journey taking approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes. During low tide, it is possible to reach the island on foot after a three-hour walk along the sandy shore; however, this route can be perilous and necessitates the guidance of an experienced individual to prevent being stranded by the rising tide.
8°53’53.53″S; 39°36’5.51″E.
Ancient Kilwa History
5. Kilwa Masoko
Kilwa Masoko features a spacious sandy beach that serves as a fishing harbor, where the local community gathers with fishermen. This area is perpetually bustling with activity, showcasing a variety of happenings. It is a noteworthy location, also known for the construction and repair of boats.
6. Makubuli Fishermen Village
The village sits in a small creek in the mangrove where fishermen using small canoes prepare their nets and fix their boats. Many activities can be observed and good meals with fresh fish/crabs can be booked in advance. Tours on canoes offer a unique experience. Rich birdlife can also be observed around the mangrove.
On foot, this small fishing village is approximately 15 minutes away from Masoko market area. To access the place, ask for the Lutheran church. From the church, walk down to the water to reach the village.
08°55’32.33″S; 39°30’21.44″E.
Ancient Kilwa History
7. Ngazi Ya Watumwa
This location is a protected coastal region, offering captivating views of Kisiwani, along with a diverse array of flora and fauna, including various marine species. It serves as an excellent destination for relaxation on a serene sandy beach, perfect for enjoying a picnic away from the bustling market area. Additionally, several caves can be observed within the cliffs.
Situated on the southern coast of Masoko, this site faces Kilwa Kisiwani Island. It is accessible within 10 minutes by bicycle from the center of Masoko, or a leisurely 25-minute walk.
08°56’22.57″S; 39°30’55.12″E.
8. Kilwa Salt Farm
The salt farms of Kilwa present an intriguing scenery nestled behind the mangroves, making them a noteworthy destination. The traditional methods of salt harvesting are still employed by both men and women in the area. The salt producers are enthusiastic about welcoming visitors and are always willing to provide information.
In Kilwa Masoko, there are 36 salt producers, and reaching their farms is quite convenient, whether by foot, bicycle, or car, taking only about 10 minutes. Additionally, some farms can only be accessed by boat, providing a delightful opportunity for an excursion.
Ancient Kilwa History
9. Jiwe La Jahazi
The term “Jiwe la Jahazi” translates to “stone dhow.” According to local legend, this refers to an actual dhow that belonged to adversaries intending to assault the village. However, a unique prayer known as Al-badiir transformed them into stone.
This geological formation is situated at the northeastern tip of Kisiwani Island. Access to the site can be obtained via boat from Masoko or by walking from Kisiwani port.
Coordinates: 08°57’33.02″S; 39°32’07.84″E.
10. The excursion to Sanje ya Kati and Mbuyu Mbugu
This offers a captivating journey through the mangrove ecosystem, showcasing a diverse array of bird species. Along the route, one can observe the various stages of the fishermen’s activities, from the capture of fish to their drying on the beach. A 20-minute walk from the island’s shore leads to “Mbuyu Mbugu,” a remarkable baobab tree known for its hollow trunk. The pristine white sand beach provides an excellent setting for relaxation, swimming, and camping.
This island is situated to the west of Songo Mnara, approximately 14 kilometers from Masoko harbour. Access is available via motorboat, taking about 45 minutes, or by dhow, which requires around 1 hour and 30 minutes, depending on wind conditions.
Coordinates: 09°03’28.42″S; 39°31’43.27″E.
Ancient Kilwa History
11. Pandawe Malalani
The region is known for the tale of Unji Bin Unuki, an exceptionally tall individual who is said to have become trapped in the mud. This narrative is substantiated by a collection of stones that are believed to represent his kitchen, along with footprints that have been etched into the stone.
The Pandawe site is situated in the Malalani village within the Pande area. It is approximately 135 kilometers from Masoko town, requiring a two-and-a-half-hour drive to reach Malalani, followed by a 15-minute walk to the site.
Coordinates: 09°07’13.16″S; 39°32’07.37”E.
12. Mwanakiwambi
Is an archaeological site that remains unpreserved, making the interpretation of the wall remnants challenging. The ruins are situated in close proximity to the shoreline. In this area of Songo Mnara, visitors can encounter local fishermen, set up camp, and observe various bird species. Additionally, one can traverse the island to reach the seaside, which is only 1 kilometer away.
The ruins are positioned to the south of Songo Mnara. Access to the site can be achieved by boat, taking approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes, or by Dhow from Masoko, as well as on foot, which requires about 4 hours from Songo Mnara.
Coordinates: 09°06’42.61″S; 39°35’59.84″E.
Ancient Kilwa History
13. Matumbi Hills
The Matumbi Hills offer breathtaking scenery characterized by small villages, baobab trees, rivers, and meticulously cultivated farms, including bananas, coconuts, and cassava. Strolling through these picturesque landscapes provides a tranquil experience. Additionally, the region is home to numerous caves.
Situated to the west of Kilwa, the primary village in this area is Kipatimu, which is perched on a hill. Kipatimu is located 117 kilometers from Kilwa Masoko. To reach it, one must drive 67 kilometers towards Njianne along the Dar road, then take a left onto a rough road. The journey from Njianne to Kipatimu spans 50 kilometers and typically takes about 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Kipatimu: 8°28’55.37″S; 38°55’8.68″E.
14. Masoko – Kivinje Bike Trip
The bicycle journey from Masoko to Kivinje provides an opportunity to experience traditional architecture and scenic landscapes, as well as to engage with the local community. Kivinje is a destination worth visiting, featuring pleasant resting spots by the harbor following the ride.
Located 25 kilometers from Masoko, the route to Kivinje is suitable for individuals in good physical health. The journey takes approximately two hours, totaling four hours for a round trip. Eighteen kilometers of the route are on a paved road, while the remainder is along an unpaved path near the shoreline. Bicycle rentals are readily available in Masoko.
Ancient Kilwa History
15. The Nandembo Caves
Numerous caves are situated in the vicinity of Nandembo village. It is advisable to refrain from traversing Nangoma cave due to the presence of a large bat colony. However, the entrance, characterized by its impressive vaulted ceiling measuring 68 meters, is certainly a sight to behold. Historically, Nangoma served as a refuge during times of conflict, including its use by local rebel forces during the Maji Maji uprising.
Another cave, known as Nangoma 2, is also notable for its striking white corridors shaped by the flow of water.
These caves can be found in Nandembo Village, approximately 8 kilometers from Kipatimu. Navigating to this location without the assistance of a guide is not feasible.
08°30’38”S; 38°53’00”E.
16. Lake Maliwe
Is a tranquil body of water where a small number of fishermen offer canoe rides carved from a single log, allowing visitors to observe the local wildlife. One can easily spot hippos and crocodiles, as well as extensive colonies of birds, frogs, and various insects. During the dry season, numerous animals converge at the lake to quench their thirst, providing opportunities to see monkeys, elephants, and warthogs.
The lake is located 84 kilometers from Masoko, which takes approximately three hours to reach. From Masoko, one should drive 29 kilometers north to Nagulukulu, a journey of about 30 minutes. Subsequently, take the rough road heading west for 53 kilometers, which will take around 2.5 hours. After driving an additional 2.5 kilometers towards Njinjo, visitors should park their vehicle. The lake is a 3-kilometer walk from this point, taking about 30 minutes. It is advisable to hire a guide in Ngea.
08°49’51.61″S; 38°59’36.67″E.
17. Nanjirinji Bee Keeping
Nanjirinji is distinguished for its high-quality honey production and the natural habitats of bees. Visitors may be fortunate enough to encounter wildlife, such as impalas, during their journey. The entire region is a protected forest, where ebony trees are cultivated and harvested sustainably.
Nanjirinji village is located in the southwestern region of Kilwa District. It is situated 165 kilometers from Masoko, with a travel time of approximately three hours by car. To access the honey harvesting site, a walk of about 45 minutes is required.
Coordinates: 09°40’13.07″S; 39°06’35.95″E.
18. Kiwawa Cave
Is a spacious and well-ventilated cavern, illuminated sufficiently to navigate without the aid of a torch. The cave is adorned with various formations of stalactites and stalagmites, which create intriguing shapes throughout the interior.
The primary cave is situated in Kiwawa village, while additional caves can be found in the Kiukula region. Kiwawa is located approximately 70 kilometers from Masoko, with a travel time of about one hour and thirty minutes. Upon arrival, a short walk of approximately fifteen minutes is required to access the cave.
Coordinates: 09°11’25.06″S; 39°21’34.52″E.
